A comprehensive summary of the most important statements in the minutes of the US Federal Reserve on Wednesday

Interest Rate

  • Fed funds target range maintained at 4.25%–4.50%.

Internal Split

  • Bowman and Waller favored a 25 bps cut, while the majority supported keeping rates unchanged.

Inflation

  • Inflation remains above the 2% target, with tariffs having a notable impact on certain goods.

  • Core PCE stood at 2.7% in June, slightly above target.

Growth & Economy

  • Slowdown in H1 2025 due to weaker investment and consumption.

  • GDP rebounded in Q2 after a decline in Q1, supported by net exports and reduced imports.

Labor Market

  • Unemployment at 4.1% in June, historically low.

  • Wage growth at 3.7% YoY through June, lower than the previous year.

  • Signs of moderation in labor demand despite low unemployment.

Inflation Risks & Outlook

  • Inflationary pressures may persist if tariff effects continue.

  • Inflation expected to gradually decline toward 2% by 2027.

Financial Markets

  • Equities rose.

  • Credit spreads narrowed.

  • Dollar weakened slightly.

Technology & AI

  • Optimism drove valuations of major tech firms above historical averages.

Banking Liquidity & Balance Sheet

  • Reserves remain ample but may shrink with TGA rebuild and ongoing balance sheet reduction.

  • SRF set at a 4.5% floor, ON RRP at 4.25%.

  • Monthly reductions: $5B Treasuries and $35B MBS/agency securities.

Global Conditions

  • General global slowdown.

  • Canada: activity contracted.

  • China: moderate growth.

  • Foreign central banks mixed between holding steady and limited easing.

Housing & Real Estate

  • Signs of weakening demand, rising supply, and falling prices in some regions.

Banking Risks

  • Some banks remain sensitive to rising long-term yields, leading to potential unrealized losses.

Interest Rate Expectations

  • Desk survey suggests two 25 bps cuts in H2 2025.

  • Some market pricing points to only one cut.

Treasury Yields

  • Only minor overall changes, reflecting macro stability.

Inflation Compensation

  • Short-term expectations rose significantly due to tariffs.

  • Long-term increases were very limited.

Equities

  • Large-cap firms rose strongly.

  • Small-caps remain below historical averages.

Housing

  • Demand weakening, supply widening.

Lending Standards

  • Remain relatively tight for households.

  • Large corporates still accessing market funding.

Credit Quality

  • Delinquencies rising in credit cards and FHA-backed mortgages compared to pre-pandemic levels.

  • Most other mortgage categories remain low in delinquencies.

Financial Fragility

  • Asset valuations elevated above natural levels.

  • Private corporate debt growing rapidly while coverage ratios decline.

Stablecoins

  • Expected to grow after recent legislation, with major benefits for payment systems.

  • Still requires close monitoring of risks and monetary policy implications.

SRF Usage

  • Reached about $11B by quarter-end, reaffirming its role in funding market stability.